The Need for Sustainable Travel: Desi Backpackers Embrace Responsible Tourism in India

-Dr. Sumita Joshi & Dr. Shantanu Saha

India, a land of vibrant cultures, majestic landscapes, and rich heritage, has long been a magnet for travellers worldwide. However, the tourism boom has also cast a spotlight on the industry's environmental and social impact. This has led to the rise of Responsible Tourism (RT), a movement that emphasizes minimizing negative footprints while maximizing positive contributions to the destinations we visit.

THE NEED FOR RESPONSIBLE TOURISM IN INDIA

As per the reports published by Statista Research Department in March 2022, approximately 48 per cent of socially conscious travellers worldwide mentioned the hardest part about travelling sustainably was choosing sustainable accommodation, 37 per cent said reducing or eliminating their carbon footprint was the biggest challenge. Also, the tourists mentioned that tourism-related transport caused five per cent of global carbon emissions in 2016. It is forecast that CO2 emissions from tourism-related transport will grow to represent 5.3 per cent of all man-made emissions worldwide in 2030.

The statistics paint a clear picture. According to the Ministry of Tourism's India Tourism Statistics 2022, the Travel and Tourism sector created a staggering 79.86 million jobs. While this is a positive economic indicator, it also translates to increased pressure on natural resources like water and energy. Additionally, a 2019 study by TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) revealed that solid waste generation in tourist destinations can spike by 30-40% during peak seasons.

THE EMERGENCE OF RESPONSIBLE TOURISM (RT)

Recognizing these challenges, the Indian government and various stakeholders are actively promoting RT principles. The Ministry of Tourism launched the National Strategy for Sustainable Tourism in 2022. This strategy aims to make India a leader in sustainable and responsible tourism by promoting practices like resource-efficient tourism, minimizing carbon footprints, and safeguarding natural and cultural heritage.

The Responsible Tourism Society of India (RTSOI), a non-profit organization, plays a crucial role in advocating for responsible practices. Established in 1998, RTSOI works with tourism businesses and local communities to ensure environmentally conscious and sustainable tourism development.

HOW DOES RESPONSIBLE TOURISM LOOK LIKE IN ACTION?

The concept of Responsible Tourism goes beyond just planting trees (although that's important too!). Here are some key aspects:

Minimizing Environmental Impact: This includes choosing eco-friendly accommodations that use renewable energy sources, reducing water consumption, and opting for responsible waste disposal practices. Travelers can also minimize their carbon footprint by choosing public transportation or bicycles for local travel.

Wildlife Conservation: India is home to a rich tapestry of wildlife, from majestic tigers in national parks to colourful marine life in coral reefs. Responsible tourists choose wildlife experiences that prioritize animal welfare. This means avoiding elephant rides (which often involve animal cruelty) and opting for ethical wildlife viewing experiences.

RESPONSIBLE TOURISM INITIATIVES IN INDIA

Many destinations in India, both popular and offbeat, possess a unique charm that inspires travellers to embrace responsible tourism. These places offer more than just natural beauty; they thrive on the spirit of community and sustainable living. By adopting sustainable practices, supporting local communities, and respecting the natural and cultural heritage of each location, travellers can contribute to the well-being of India's unique destinations.
Take ‘Sikkim’, for example. This north-eastern state is renowned for its stunning landscapes and biodiversity. As a beacon of responsible tourism, Sikkim emphasizes sustainable practices such as waste management, organic farming, and community-based tourism initiatives. The state has implemented stringent measures to preserve its delicate Himalayan ecosystems, making it a haven for eco-conscious travellers.

In Maharashtra, the hill station of ‘Matheran’ offers a different kind of experience, known for being an automobile-free zone, visitors must leave their vehicles outside the town and explore its scenic beauty on foot, horseback, or hand-pulled rickshaws. Matheran’s commitment to maintaining a pollution-free environment encourages tourists to adopt eco-friendly practices and support local businesses, making it an exemplary destination for responsible tourism.

‘Majuli’, the world's largest river island located in Assam, stands as a cultural hotspot. This ecologically fragile island is deeply committed to responsible tourism, emphasizing the preservation of its unique traditions and environment. Travelers to ‘Majuli’ engage with local communities, immerse themselves in traditional arts, and contribute to initiatives that safeguard the island’s cultural and natural heritage.

Down in the Western Ghats of ‘Kerala’ lies ‘Thenmala’, India's first planned eco-tourism destination. This area focuses on sustainable development, offering nature trails, adventure activities, and cultural experiences that promote responsible tourism practices. Visitors can explore the region's rich biodiversity and participate in eco-friendly activities, ensuring their presence has minimal impact on the environment.

In each of these destinations, the essence of responsible tourism shines through. Travelers discover that by embracing sustainable practices and supporting local communities, they can help preserve the beauty and heritage of these remarkable places for future generations.

BUDGET-FRIENDLY, ECO-FRIENDLY: STUDENTS LEAD THE WAY

Students are emerging as a powerful force for positive change in the tourism industry. Their unique characteristics make them prime candidates to become responsible tourists, benefiting both themselves and the destinations they visit.

Budget-Conscious Globetrotters: Financial constraints often steer students towards eco-friendly options like public transportation and homestays. This not only reduces their carbon footprint but also allows them to immerse themselves in the local culture by staying alongside residents.


Open Minds, Open Hearts: Exposure to diverse ideas and cultures during their studies makes students more receptive to learning about and respecting local customs. This translates into responsible travel behavior that avoids disrespecting traditions or sacred sites.


Research is Key: Understanding the destination's culture, environment, and potential social issues allows students to make informed choices. Choosing activities that support local communities and conservation efforts creates a more meaningful experience for all.

Pack Light, Travel Smart: Minimizing luggage reduces a student's carbon footprint during transportation. Opting for reusable water bottles and shopping bags further minimizes waste and demonstrates environmental awareness.
Supporting Local Businesses: Staying in locally-owned accommodations, dining at local restaurants, and purchasing souvenirs from artisans directly injects money into the local economy, fostering a more sustainable tourism model.
Respecting the Environment: Conserving water and energy during their stay demonstrates environmental responsibility. Students should be mindful of littering and dispose of waste responsibly to ensure the destination's beauty is preserved.

Cultural Sensitivity: Dressing modestly if required by local customs and being mindful of noise levels shows respect for the host culture. Avoiding disruption of religious ceremonies or sacred sites demonstrates cultural sensitivity.

HOW HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONs (HEIs) CAN PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN SHAPING THE FUTURE OF TOURISM?

As the tourism industry continues to evolve, higher education institutions have an opportunity to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to drive positive change through:

Integrating Responsible Tourism: Including responsible tourism modules in travel and hospitality programs equips students with the knowledge and skills for sustainable travel practices.

Service-Learning Opportunities: As per the suggestions of National Education Policy (NEP), it is important to organize service trips that connect students with volunteer opportunities that benefit local communities. One such initiative for students' overall holistic development is fostered by Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune. Originating from the visionary idea of Shri Rahul Karad, the Executive President of Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, this university has long promoted this initiative through its Rural, National, and International Immersion Programs across all academic disciplines for nearly a decade. This approach cultivates cross-cultural understanding and enables students to contribute directly to the well-being of the communities they visit.

Promoting Sustainability on Campus: Encouraging sustainable transportation options like cycling and public transportation, along with on-campus waste reduction initiatives, reinforces responsible practices and empowers students to translate these values into their travel experiences.

By embracing responsible tourism, students can ensure their travels are enriching not just for themselves, but also for the planet and the communities they encounter. Their responsible choices pave the way for a more sustainable and positive future for the tourism industry.

THE REWARDS OF RESPONSIBLE TRAVEL

Students are discovering that responsible travel offers a wealth of benefits beyond the typical vacation. Engaging with local communities and the environment fosters deeper connections and a richer understanding of the places they visit. Students return home with lasting memories and experiences, rather than just souvenirs. Responsible travel can also be budget-friendly. By avoiding tourist traps and focusing on local experiences, students can stretch their travel costs further. Most importantly, responsible choices allow students to leave a positive footprint. They become stewards of the environment and cultural heritage, ensuring the well-being of the destinations they explore. Sharing these experiences with others inspires a new generation of responsible travelers, promoting sustainable tourism practices for the future.

THE ADVANTAGES OF RESPONSIBLE TOURISM FOR EVERYONE

Tourism has become a major catalyst for economic growth, standing out as one of the fastest-growing sectors worldwide. It plays a pivotal role in boosting trade, generating employment, attracting investment, developing infrastructure, and fostering social inclusion. As a labour-intensive industry, tourism significantly drives job creation and has a substantial multiplier effect, stimulating employment in various related sectors.

CHALLENGES AND THE ROAD AHEAD

Despite the growing awareness, challenges remain. Tourism has profound impacts on both natural and built environments, as well as on the well-being and culture of the host region. The industry exerts pressure on fragile ecosystems and wildlife, and it places considerable strain on host communities, competing for scarce resources such as land and water. Additionally, tourism has become a notable contributor to local and global pollution. To overcome with the challenges, raising awareness among tourists and ensuring widespread adoption of responsible practices by tourism businesses require ongoing efforts. Collaboration between the government, tourism industry stakeholders, NGOs, and travellers are crucial for achieving long-term success.